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Superblock is the most significant component of a Linux volume that restrains critical information about files and folders in file systems as ext2, ext3 and more. It enables us to mount and access the file systems. Superblock corruption primarily occurs due to metadata structure damage, file system corruption, unexpected system shutdown, malicious software like virus and more.

In most cases of superblock corruption, the volume becomes unmountable and the data becomes inaccessible. In such situations, you can restore the lost data using an updated backup. However, if you have not maintained any backup or it is not up-to-date, then you need to recover your data by using advanced Linux Data Recovery tools.

Consider a practical scenario, when you attempt to boot your Linux system, you encounter the below error message:

“Wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/hda8, missing codepage or helper program, or other error. In some cases useful info is found in syslog – try dmesg | tail or so”

After running dmesg tail, you encounter the below error message:

“Couldn’t mount because of unsupported optional features (2000200)”

After the above error message appears, the system becomes unmountable and data stored on the hard drive volume becomes inaccessible. Additionally, you encounter the same error message each time you attempt to boot your system.

Cause:

The main reason behind occurrence of the above error message is superblock corruption.

Resolution:

To resolve the problem and access all inaccessible data, you need to follow these steps:

1. Boot your system by using an alternate block by running the below command:

e2fsck -b 98304 /dev/hdb8

2. Once the file system gets restored to the point at which it can be mounted, you need to fix it by using this command:

e2fsck -c /dev/hda8

-c parameter checks for the bad blocks

However, if the above steps are not able to resolve the issue, you should consider reinstalling Linux. A clean Linux reinstall will erase all existing data from the selected volume. For complete recovery of lost data, you should use efficient Linux Data Recovery software.

Such Linux Recovery tools incorporate effective scanning algorithms to recover all your lost data. These recovery tools provide highly graphical user interface that makes them easily understandable without prior technical knowledge. These tools recover data post situations like superblock corruption, group descriptor faults, inode table damage and more.

Stellar Phoenix Linux Data Recovery is the foremost Linux Recovery tool. It supports recovery from Ext2, Ext3 and ReiserFS file system based Linux volumes. This Data Recovery Linux tool gets installed on Windows (Vista, XP, 2003 and 2000) and the affected Linux drive is connected as slave.

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Red Hat Certified Security Specialist (RHCSS) is a security certification that proves advanced skills in using Red Hat Enterprise Linux, SELinux, and Red Hat Directory Server to meet the security requirements of today?s enterprise environment.

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When you are ready to search for a host for your web business online, there is a big dilemma that you need to seize by the horns: Linux or Windows?

In this context, it is easy to fall into the popular debate of which platform is better. Linux votaries may have a hundred brickbats to throw at Windows, and vice versa. Debates apart, what system is best for YOU? Many people take a decision depending on whatever platform is installed on their personal PC. This is rather short sighted. In short, there really is no need to take sides. Rather, the basic criterion for your selection should be based on what platform helps you the most. Real requirements of your site must be considered.

Windows web hosting: If your website uses any components or technologies that are Windows compatible, then it is advisable to go for Windows hosting plans. That way, you can easily run ASP, ASP.Net, MS Sql and other Windows scripting applications. Of course, these days it is possible to get Windows applications that are compatible with Linux server, but, to garner the full power of Windows, it is recommended that you go for a Windows based platform. If you are using additional services like Microsoft’s Sharepoint or MS Access, Windows platform is the only choice.

Linux web hosting: Linux servers are known to possess remarkable power and stability. If you use platform independent languages like PHP and MySql, you are better off with a Linux server. These servers are able to take the load of several simultaneous queries provided they are administered properly. Linux based databases like MySql and PostgreSql are relational databases. They are inexpensive and very efficient. Unless your server experiences very heavy load, these databases perform exceptionally well.

Linux servers have a reputation for dependability. This is because they often maintain a very high uptime of 99.9%. This is also one of the reasons for the compelling attraction of Linux website hosting servers.

Linux and its supporting technologies are open source technologies. Because of this, these are not expensive. On the other hand, Windows is developed by Microsoft at very high operative costs and Microsoft makes it mandatory to obtain their license before you can use the Windows server. This is why Windows systems are so expensive, while Linux is comparatively cheap. Additionally, Linux offers the greatest of ease when it comes to switching over to Windows system. Linux is also open to easy upgrades and can easily accommodate the changing requirements of the user.

To sum it up, Windows hosting plans are generally 20% costlier than Linux plans. So, if you do not need some unique features for your website like a searchable database or a chat facility, then Linux hosting servers perform beautifully and flawlessly. In the end, it all depends on what YOU want, not on the merits and demerits of the server.

Hey I want to know what kind of training will I need to use open source code from programs like Mame or Final Burn, emulators. If the rumor of the PS3 Hard Drive coming with Linux, I want to make a emulator in which people can play 4-6 player arcade games (with legal roms of course) on a TV through a PS3. I’m currently trying to get back in school to get a degree in Infomation Systems with a consentration in software, cause I want to become a game developer, but I want to start with using open source to see if I have the goods to make a good interface.

The Linux Foundation announced April 8 its annual sponsorship of independent IDC predictions about how the Linux ecosystem will grow over time. The answer is “a lot” but exactly what you’d expect in relationship to the UNIX ecosystem.?

I usually measure Linux/UNIX usage growth/decline by following the IDC quarterly view of server shipments. The clear trend from that perspective is that factory shipments of servers with Linux is increasing basically at the rate that factory shipments of servers with UNIX decreases. It gets the rabid open source blogosphere foaming at the mouth to say this but Linux is basically the latest version of UNIX. So market researchers expect the two operating systems to move in this manner.?

From a market research perspective, looking at the Linux ecosystem separate from the UNIX ecosystem would be like looking at the growth of Windows 15 years ago without also watching the decline of DOS. Bascially,? you choose the IBM and HP versions of Linux et al for factory shipments if you used to choose AIX, HP/UX and so forth. In addition, leading server suppliers are partnering with Linux services suppliers such as Red Hat, Canonical and so forth for follow-ons. This is relatively low-margin services business the major systems suppliers used to take for themselves.?

The IDC report released April 8 looks at the same trend from a different perspective. By the way and not coincidentally, the Linux Foundation is funded by platinum sponsors Fujitsu, Hitachi, HP, IBM, Intel, NEC, Novell and Oracle along with dozens of other Gold, Silver and Affiliate sponsors. Rather than measuring your choice of servers, the new IDC research predicts your “Linux-related software spending.” The forecast says Linux-related software revenue will grow from $12 billion to $35 billion between 2008 and 2013 while “Unix spending” goes almost almost flat (from $69 billion to $74 billion). This statistic forecasts not only the Linux- and other open source operating software (e.g., Solaris) revenue flowing in the market but the revenue of license fees, maintenance and related subscriptions for application servers, ESBs, databases, ERP, BI and even consumer software running on those operating systems. Note that much of this software is not tied to open source terms and conditions (Ts&Cs). As an example, an Oracle database and SAP R/3 running on a Linux server would be considered Linux-related software spending in this case.?

The IDC report also has some interesting information about cloud computing, virtualization and the effects on the market of the current economic downturn. It is available free from the Linux Foundation Web site. I wrote about a companion piece of IDC research sponsored by Novell here.?

By comparison, “Windows-related” revenue, according to the same IDC white paper, will grow from $149 billion to $206 billion during the same period. That is, both ecosystems are growing at about the same compound annual growth rate of 6 percent to 7 percent. That’s also as one would expect because both ecosystems are rapidly becoming the two dominant choices you have in the marketplace. As has been the trend for a few years, Linux- and other open source-based software is replacing UNIX-system-based software while Windows-based software is displacing OS/400 and other similar less IT-personnel-intensive systems.?

As always, be careful of statistics. These statistics do not tell the whole story of the marketplace and your choices in it. For example, just as a lot of the software in the open source operating system ecosystem is deployed with traditional Ts&Cs (the Oracle/SAP example above), a lot of the software revenue measured in the Windows ecosystem is distributed with open source Ts&Cs. Examples are JBoss or MySQL running on Windows